JWT vs OAuth 2.0
Differences, use cases, and when to use each
JWT is a token format. OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework. They're different layers that often work together — OAuth flows frequently use JWTs as the token format. Comparing them is like comparing 'envelope' and 'postal system'.
Quick Comparison
| Feature | JWT | OAuth 2.0 |
|---|---|---|
| What It Is | Token format (data structure) | Authorization framework (protocol) |
| Purpose | Carry claims between parties | Delegate access to resources |
| Scope | How data is packaged | How access is granted |
| Standalone | Yes (used anywhere) | Uses tokens (often JWTs) |
When to Use Each
When to Use JWT
Use JWT as the token format when you need self-contained tokens that carry user claims without server lookup. JWTs are commonly used within OAuth flows.
When to Use OAuth 2.0
Use OAuth 2.0 when you need to grant third-party applications limited access to user resources (like 'Sign in with Google' or API access delegation).
Pros & Cons
JWT
OAuth 2.0
Verdict
They're complementary, not alternatives. OAuth 2.0 defines authorization flows; JWT is often the token format used within those flows. Use OAuth for third-party access delegation.