Raster Graphics vs Vector Graphics
Differences, use cases, and when to use each
Raster graphics store pixel grids — perfect quality at native size but blurry when scaled up. Vector graphics store mathematical path descriptions — infinitely scalable with perfect quality at any size.
Quick Comparison
| Feature | Raster Graphics | Vector Graphics |
|---|---|---|
| Storage Method | Pixel grid (width × height) | Mathematical paths and shapes |
| Scaling | Loses quality (pixelates) | Perfect at any resolution |
| File Formats | JPG, PNG, WebP, GIF | SVG, AI, EPS, PDF |
| Best For | Photos, complex images | Logos, icons, illustrations |
| Edit Complexity | Pixel-level editing | Shape and path editing |
When to Use Each
When to Use Raster Graphics
Use raster formats (JPG, PNG, WebP) for photographs, screen captures, and complex images with millions of colors and gradients where mathematical description isn't practical.
When to Use Vector Graphics
Use vector formats (SVG) for logos, icons, illustrations, and any graphic with geometric shapes that must render sharply at any size or resolution.
Pros & Cons
Raster Graphics
Handles photographic complexity
Universal browser and app support
Rich color depth
Blurry at larger sizes
Requires multiple sizes for different displays
Vector Graphics
Resolution independent
Infinitely scalable
Tiny file size for simple graphics
CSS styleable
Poor for photographs
Complex shapes have large file sizes
Verdict
Raster for photographs and complex imagery. Vector for logos, icons, and illustrations. Modern workflows use SVG where possible — one file serves all screen sizes.